Martin Luther was the first person to translate the Bible into the German language. He could print copies because Johannes Gutenberg had invented a way to print about 50-100 copies at a relatively low price. The Protestant reformation triggered the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
In general, Martin Luther’s posting of The Ninety-Five theses at Wittenberg is seen as the start of the Protestant Reformation. This happened in the year 1517. John Knox brought Luther’s ideas to Scotland and founded the Presbyterian Church. The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 recognised Protestants and is generally seen as the end of this process.